I remember the first time asking myself, how the heck IP Packets flow across the network? Well, Understanding Packet Flow Across the Network Part1 and Part2 will show you a clear picture of how Routing and Forwarding decision is made inside a Network device. To explain how packets flow across Network Devices (internally or externally),… Continue Reading …
Archives for November 2013
Understanding Packet Flow Across the Network Part2
Understanding Packet Flow Across the Network Part2 will complete the Packet’s flow process. Part1 showed you how PC1’s TCP/IP Stack requested a web page from ccnahub.com’s Web Server, hence generated one way Packets across the network. Part2 will show you how the web server received, processed, and responded back to PC1 with the web page… Continue Reading …
Understanding Ethernet MAC Addresses
Media Access Control meant to to be a Physical Hardware Address System used by Ethernet. Understanding Ethernet MAC Addresses will help you grasp how Ethernet transfer frames filled with packets across network devices using MAC Addresses format. So, if Network Layer package Packets using IP Addressing system which is a logical Addressing system, then Ethernet… Continue Reading …
Understanding Data Link Layer Encapsulation
Understanding Data Link Layer Encapsulation will answer an important question: Why layer 2 uses different set of protocols for different type of cables to Encapsulate Frames? Well, nowadays, Ethernet cables (Copper or Fiber) and its Encapsulation protocol dominate both Network types – LAN and WAN. Having said this, each different WAN Technology such PPP, HDLC,… Continue Reading …
Understanding EoMPLS WAN Technology
Just another New Type of lease line. Understanding EoMPLS WAN Technology will explain why the Ethernet almost dominated both networks types – LAN and WAN. Ethernet over Emulation Multi-Protocol Label Switching (EMPLS) responded to the exponential growth of the internet over the passed years, MPLS became the preferred backbone by ISP providers to provide your… Continue Reading …
Understanding ARP Broadcast Message
Understanding ARP Broadcast Message complete the process of how and why Mapping an IP address to MAC Address is crucial under Ethernet Networks. Address Resolution Protocol (ARP) used by Data Link Layer to provide two basic functions: 1) Resolve IPv4 or IPv6 addresses to MAC addresses, and 2) Maintain a Cache Table of MAC to… Continue Reading …
Understanding TCP and UDP Multiplexing
Understanding TCP and UDP Multiplexing will answer the following question. How would a Hosting Server responds to Multiple requests generated from different clients requesting different web pages or services? Key points to remember that Transport Layer’s Segmentation based on Port numbers which are the mechanism used to accomplish multiple requests. And that’s how the Web… Continue Reading …
Understanding Application Layer Services
Server’s Applications (Services), PC’s Applications, and how they complete each other? Understanding Application Layer Services will help you grasp the features and functions located at Layer 7 of either Server or PC. Technically speaking and from Layer 7 perspective, Applications at OSI Module are called services, specific Rolls of those services are meant for Servers… Continue Reading …
Understanding Quality of Service Concept
Understanding Quality of Service Concept help you visualize how QoS used to prioritize Network Applications. Prioritizing certain traffic for delivery using Quality of Service, and how would you do this using UDP ports instead of TCP, will be discussed in details. UDP is used to deliver Real-time Applications such VoIP and IPTV, but UDP not… Continue Reading …
Understanding Base Number Systems
Understanding the Base Number Systems help you master topics such IPv4, IPv6, sub-netting, and everything in between. 10, 2, and 16 Base Number Systems are the main building blocks when it comes to Network and Storage topics. This article will show you how the Engineers decades ago used these fundamentals knowledge to invent IP Addressing… Continue Reading …