Understanding ARP Broadcast Message complete the process of how and why Mapping an IP address to MAC Address is crucial under Ethernet Networks. Address Resolution Protocol (ARP) used by Data Link Layer to provide two basic functions: 1) Resolve IPv4 or IPv6 addresses to MAC addresses, and 2) Maintain a Cache Table of MAC to… Continue Reading …
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Understanding TCP and UDP Protocols
Understanding TCP and UDP Protocols help you understand Transport Layer Functions. Having said this, two major protocols located at Transport Layer. 1) Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) which it’s a Connection Oriented Protocol, 2) User Datagram Protocol (UDP) which is Connectionless Protocol. These protocols are the backbone of Segmentation process. TCP and UDP are the most… Continue Reading …
Understanding TCP and UDP Multiplexing
Understanding TCP and UDP Multiplexing will answer the following question. How would a Hosting Server responds to Multiple requests generated from different clients requesting different web pages or services? Key points to remember that Transport Layer’s Segmentation based on Port numbers which are the mechanism used to accomplish multiple requests. And that’s how the Web… Continue Reading …
Understanding Application Layer Services
Server’s Applications (Services), PC’s Applications, and how they complete each other? Understanding Application Layer Services will help you grasp the features and functions located at Layer 7 of either Server or PC. Technically speaking and from Layer 7 perspective, Applications at OSI Module are called services, specific Rolls of those services are meant for Servers… Continue Reading …
Understanding Quality of Service Concept
Understanding Quality of Service Concept help you visualize how QoS used to prioritize Network Applications. Prioritizing certain traffic for delivery using Quality of Service, and how would you do this using UDP ports instead of TCP, will be discussed in details. UDP is used to deliver Real-time Applications such VoIP and IPTV, but UDP not… Continue Reading …
Understanding Base Number Systems
Understanding the Base Number Systems help you master topics such IPv4, IPv6, sub-netting, and everything in between. 10, 2, and 16 Base Number Systems are the main building blocks when it comes to Network and Storage topics. This article will show you how the Engineers decades ago used these fundamentals knowledge to invent IP Addressing… Continue Reading …
How to Convert Decimal to Binary
How to Convert Decimal to Binary and vise versa is crucial to master, such skills will give you the confidence when you deal with Network and Storage devices. Mastering Network topics such IP Addressing Subnetting, Speed measurements Megabits (Mb) and Gigabits (Gb), or even Storage measurements such MegaByte (MB), GigaByte (GB), and TeraByte (TB), requires… Continue Reading …
How to Convert Decimal to Hexadecimal
If you have mastered How to Convert Decimal to Binary, then How to Convert Decimal to Hexadecimal would be the logical next step to master. I’ll show you through examples how easy to convert from Decimal to Hexadecimal which based on easy 2 known methods. Once you master base 10 to base 2 and base… Continue Reading …
How to Convert Binary to Decimal
Did I mention that converting Binary to Decimal is more fun? Yes, How to Convert Binary to Decimal will show you in few easy steps what Binary to Decimal conversion is all about. As you probably already noticed, I have dedicated for each Base System 2 articles to cover all conversion scenario, therefore, I highly… Continue Reading …
How to Convert Binary to Hexadecimal
How to Convert Binary to Hexadecimal will show you how to to Master Binary to Hexadecimal conversion using easy steps. I will show you through examples how easy to do the conversion using two known methods. So, once you master the conversion, you will feel more confidence to move on to Hexadecimal conversion steps, it’s… Continue Reading …
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